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71.
72.
崇州林场柳杉人工林空间结构研究 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
崇州林场的植被主要是柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)人工纯林。为了定量地描述林分的空间结构,调查共设置6个50 m×50 m固定标准样地,对样地中的林木进行每木检尺并绘出它们的坐标位置。研究运用了角尺度参数来量化林木分布的均匀性(即空间分布格局);大小比数来测度树木间的优势度分化,也为种群在林分中的相对地位提供了有益的信息。而混交度则通过参照树周围最近的几株相邻木与其不同种个体所占的比例,来表征林分的物种多样性。借此以单木为基础的结构参数所描述的林分空间混交度、林木大小(胸径)分化程度以及群聚程度,使得定量比较那些具有复杂结构的林分也变得简单易行。这无疑有助于林地的可持续经营和生态管护。 相似文献
73.
74.
Bill Slee 《Small-Scale Forestry》2006,5(1):1-17
The nature of private forestry in the UK as an economic activity is changing, with increasing ‘public good’ demands being
placed on forest owners, with or without compensation from government. Although the motives for owning woodland are weakly
researched, it is evident that amenity and recreational interests rather than formal productive economic activity are a major
force in influencing woodland purchase and may well be a dominant force in woodland management over many parts of the UK.
Recent research suggests a need for recognition of the high value of the public goods and, in particular, recognition of their
high levels of spatial variability, whilst recognising that the public good — private good dualism is an oversimplification
of the actual situation. New policy instruments are currently being implemented in various parts of the UK by devolved governments,
and their capacity to both remediate market failure and address the needs of forest owners is considered. Their voluntary
character and the preferences of forest owners may seriously constrain the optimal delivery of public goods. Further, existing
policy instruments may be seen as insufficiently geographically targeted to areas where the greatest social benefits could
be anticipated from policy-induced improvements in public good values. 相似文献
75.
76.
采用7种聚集度指标法测定了木兰突细蛾卵和幼虫的空间分布型。结果表明:卵和幼虫在木兰科植物人工林内部呈聚集分布,幼虫分布的基本成份是个体群,个体间相互排斥。卵分布基本成份是疏松的个体群。应用Iwao's方法,分析并计算林间调查的最适抽样数,进行了幼虫序贯抽样的计算。 相似文献
77.
MapX在空间数据绑定与林业专题图制作中的应用探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从空间地图数据与属性数据的关联、专题图的生成各方法,就MapX在林业地理信息系统开发中空间数据绑定与专题图制作中的技术等作了简要探讨。 相似文献
78.
79.
Understory individuals were found to form patches in a 100-year-old deciduous broad-leaved forest. The closed forest canopy
was uniform, and so the light conditions at various locations across the forest floor differed little after the leaf flush
of the overstory. To explain the distribution pattern in the understory, a hypothesis was proposed: in spring, the forest
floor is divided into patches according to the timing of leaf flush of the overstory individuals, and the light conditions
are more favorable for understory plants under the crowns of trees with later-flushing leaves. In the plot, three groups of
early, intermediate, and late, were recognized in the overstory concerning the timing of leaf flush. As for the start of leaf
flush, a difference of 31.6 days was recognized among tree species, and for the end of leaf flush, a difference of 40.3 days.
In the spring of 1998, the relative photosynthetic-photon-flux density under an intensively studiedCastanea crenata tree (late-flushing species) usually showed higher values than that under a similarly studiedAcer mono tree (early-flushing species). Analysis of the spatial-distribution pattern using Morisita’s1δ index revealed that the understory community had an aggregated distribution. In the overstory, the late- and the intermediate-flushing-species
groups showed aggregated distributions, while the early-flushing-species group showed random distribution. Spatial correlation
between the understory and the overstory was analyzed by using Morisita’sRδ index. The distribution of whole understory community spatially co-occurred with that of the late-flushing-species group
of the overstory. In contrast, the understory community was less developed below the members of the early-flushing-species
group of the overstory. We consider that the data presented here support our hypothesis, and we suggest that the growth and
survival of understory individuals were promoted in the places receiving light for long periods in spring. 相似文献
80.
Kasper Johansen Stuart Phinn Ian Dixon Michael Douglas John Lowry 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007,240(1-3):42-60
Suitable methods for measuring and monitoring the condition of riparian environments are being investigated by government agencies responsible for maintaining these environments in Australia. The objective of this work was to compare two riparian condition assessment approaches, the Tropical Rapid Appraisal of Riparian Condition (TRARC) method developed for rapid on-ground assessment of the environmental condition of savanna riparian zones and an image based riparian condition monitoring scheme. Measurements derived from these two approaches were compared and correlated. The sample representativeness of the TRARC method was evaluated and the cost-effectiveness and suitability for multi-temporal analysis of the two approaches were assessed. Two high spatial resolution multi-spectral QuickBird satellite images captured in 2004 and 2005 and coincident field data covering sections of the Daly River in the Northern Territory, Australia were used in this work. Both field and image data were processed to map indicators of riparian zone condition including percentage canopy cover, organic litter on the ground, canopy continuity, tree clearing, bank stability, and flood damage. Spectral vegetation indices, image segmentation, and supervised classification were used to produce riparian health indicator maps. QuickBird image data were used to examine if the spatial distribution of TRARC transects provided a representative sample of ground based estimates of riparian health indicators. Covering approximately 3% of the study area, the sample mean of the TRARC estimates of individual indicators of riparian zone condition were in most cases within 20% of the global mean derived from the whole imaged riparian area. The cost-effectiveness of the image based approach was compared to that of the ground based TRARC method. Results showed that the TRARC method was more cost-effective at spatial scales from 1 km to 200 km of river in relatively homogeneous riparian zones along rivers with only one channel, while image based assessment becomes more feasible at regional scales (200–2000 km of river). A change detection analysis demonstrated that image data can provide detailed information on gradual change, while the TRARC method is less suited for multi-temporal analysis due to the ranked data format, which inhibits precise detection of change. However, results from both methods were considered to complement each other for single date assessment of riparian zones if used at appropriate spatial scales. 相似文献